Present Perfect – Grammar
1. Form
Le present perfect se forme avec have / has + past participle (3e forme du verbe).
| Sujet | Auxiliaire | Verbe (participe passé) | Exemple |
|---|
| I / you / we / they | have | eaten, gone, played | We have eaten. |
| He / she / it | has | done, been, lived | She has lived here. |
Negative
| Sujet | have/has + not | Participe passé | Exemple |
|---|
| I have not | (haven’t) | seen it | I haven’t seen it. |
| He has not | (hasn’t) | finished | He hasn’t finished yet. |
Interrogative
| Forme | Exemple |
|---|
| Have I / you / we / they + past participle ? | Have you done your homework ? |
| Has he / she / it + past participle ? | Has she called yet ? |
2. Past participle – rappel
| Base verbale | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|
| go | went | gone |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| play | played | played |
| be | was / were | been |
3. Use
Lien entre le passé et le présent
| Emploi | Exemple |
|---|
| Expérience de vie (sans dire quand) | I have visited Japan. |
| Action passée avec résultat présent | He has broken his leg. (il l’a toujours cassée) |
| Action qui a commencé dans le passé et continue maintenant (avec since/for) | She has lived here for 10 years. |
| Action qui vient de se produire (just, already, yet) | We have just arrived. / Have you eaten yet ? |
4. Mots-clés fréquents
| Adverbes | Utilisation |
|---|
| already | action déjà faite (She has already left) |
| just | action très récente (We’ve just finished) |
| yet | dans les questions/négations (Have you finished yet?) |
| ever / never | expérience (dans la vie) (Have you ever been to Italy?) |
| for / since | durée (for 3 days, since 2010) |
5. Remarques
- Ne pas utiliser present perfect avec une date précise (yesterday, last year, in 2010) → utiliser past simple à la place.
- I have visited Paris in 2019.
- I visited Paris in 2019.
- Avec never / ever, le verbe reste toujours au participe passé : I’ve never tried sushi.
Have you ever seen snow ?