Future perfect – Grammar
1. Form
Le future perfect se forme avec will have + past participle (3e forme du verbe).
Affirmative
| Sujet | will have | Participe passé | Exemple |
|---|
| I / you / he / she / it / we / they | will have | finished, done, gone | She will have finished by 6 pm. |
Negative
| Sujet | will not (won’t) have | Participe passé | Exemple |
|---|
| They | won’t have | arrived | They won’t have arrived by then. |
Interrogative
| Forme | Exemple |
|---|
| Will + sujet + have + past participle ? | Will he have graduated by 2026 ? |
2. Past participle – rappel
| Base verbale | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|
| do | did | done |
| go | went | gone |
| finish | finished | finished |
| be | was/were | been |
3. Use
Action qui sera terminée à un moment précis dans le futur
By next month, I will have completed the project.
Préciser un “deadline” ou une durée avant un point dans le futur
He will have lived in Paris for 10 years by 2030.
We will have left by the time you arrive.
4. Time markers fréquents
| Expression | Exemple |
|---|
| by + date/time | By 5 o’clock, she will have gone. |
| by the time + present simple | By the time you arrive, I’ll have finished. |
| in + duration | He will have retired in five years. |
| before | I will have eaten before the film starts. |
5. Remarques
- Le futur perfect exprime une action terminée avant un moment futur, contrairement au future continuous qui exprime une action en cours.
- Ne pas utiliser avec une action qui commence dans le futur → utiliser will ou be going to dans ce cas.
- Will have ne change jamais quelle que soit la personne.
6. Comparaison rapide
| Temps | Exemple | Signification |
|---|
| Future simple | I will eat at 7. | Action ponctuelle dans le futur |
| Future continuous | I will be eating at 7. | Action en cours à 7h |
| Future perfect | I will have eaten by 7. | Action terminée avant 7h |